Possible mechanisms involved in the effect of the subchronic administration of rosuvastatin on endothelial function in rats with metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted condition associated with a greater risk of various disorders (e.g., diabetes and heart disease). In a rat model of metabolic syndrome, an acute in vitro application of rosuvastatin causes relaxation of aortic rings. Since the outcome of a subchronic rosuvastatin treatment is unknown, the present study explored its effect on acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation of aortic rings from rats with metabolic syndrome. Animals were submitted to a 16-week treatment, including a standard diet, a cafeteria-style diet (CAF-diet), or a CAF-diet with daily rosuvastatin treatment (10 mg/kg). After confirming the development of metabolic syndrome in rats, aortic segments were extracted from these animals (those treated with rosuvastatin and untreated) and the acetylcholine-induced relaxant effect on the corresponding rings was evaluated. Concentration-response curves were constructed for this effect in the presence/absence of L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), apamin plus charybdotoxin, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, and cycloheximide pretreatment. Compared to rings from control rats, acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation decreased in rings from animals with metabolic syndrome, and was maintained at a normal level in animals with metabolic syndrome plus rosuvastatin treatment. The effect of rosuvastatin was inhibited by L-NAME, ODQ, KT 5823, TEA, apamin plus charybdotoxin, but unaffected by 4-AP, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, or cycloheximide. In conclusion, the subchronic administration of rosuvastatin to rats with metabolic syndrome improved the acetylcholine-induced relaxant response, involving stimulation of the NO/cGMP/PKG/Ca2+-activated K+ channel pathway.

Tiempos de llegada de pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular en un hospital regional de alta complejidad / Arrival times of patients with stroke to a public hospital

Background: Stroke is a time-dependent emergency. Most patients with acute ischemic stroke are excluded from reperfusion therapies due to late consultation. Aims: To estimate the arrival times of patients with stroke to the Emergency Room (ER) of a public hospital. To identify factors associated with early consultation. Material and Methods: A convenience sample, 583 patients aged 71 ± 13 years (55% males) consulting for stroke at an emergency room was analyzed in terms of delay between onset of symptoms and arrival to the ER, demographics and etiology of stroke. Results: The admission diagnoses were ischemic stroke in 76%, intracerebral hemorrhage in 12%, transient ischemic attack in 9% and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 3%. The median time of arrival was 8 hours and 11 minutes after the onset of symptoms. Nineteen percent of consultations for ischemic stroke occurred within 3 hours of symptom onset, and 38% within 6 hours. In the logistic regression analysis, having an address near the hospital and the severity of stroke were associated with early consultation with a combined odds ratio of 5.97 (95% confidence intervals 3.23-11.04). Conclusions: There were significant differences in the arrival times of patients with stroke. Only a low proportion of patients with ischemic stroke consulted within the window for reperfusion therapies. Severe strokes and living near the hospital were associated with early consultation.

Factores asociados a llegada y evaluación precoz de pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular en un hospital regional de alta complejidad / Factors associated with early arrival and evaluation of stroke patients in a regional tertiary hospital

Resumen Antecedentes: El ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es una urgencia tiempo-dependiente. La mayoría de los pacientes con infarto cerebral quedan excluidos de las terapias de reperfusión por consultar tardíamente. Se desconocen los factores asociados a llegada y evaluación precoz de pacientes con ACV agudo en nuestra población. Objetivos: Identificar los factores asociados, llegada y evaluación precoz de pacientes con ACV agudo. Pacientes y Métodos: Muestra por conveniencia de las consultas por ACV realizadas en el Turno N° 1, del SU del Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez de Temuco, entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software STATA 14.0. Resultados: Se registraron 584 consultas por ACV. La mediana del tiempo de llegada fue de 8 h y 11 min. La mediana del tiempo para la evaluación por neurólogo(a) fue de 66 min. Tener domicilio en Temuco-Padre Las Casas y una mayor severidad del ACV se asociaron a consultar precozmente con un OR = 5,97 (3,23-11,04). Para evaluación dentro de una hora, las variables severidad, llegada en ambulancia y consulta en menos de 3 h, fueron estadísticamente significativas, con un OR combinado de 10,86 (IC 95%: 5,15-22,94). Conclusiones: Los factores más fuertemente asociados a llegada y evaluación precoz incluyen residir en comunas cercanas al hospital y presentar síntomas más severos de ACV. Se sugiere implementar estrategias para aumentar el grado de reconocimiento de síntomas de ACV y para disminuir las barreras de acceso a hospitales que traten a este tipo pacientes.

Introduction: Stroke is a time-dependent emergency. The majority of patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke are excluded from reperfusion therapies due to late consultation. The factors associated with early arrival and evaluation of patients with acute stroke in our population are unknown. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with early arrival and evaluation of patients with acute stroke. Methods: A convenience sample of the stroke consultations made during shift # 1 at the ER between January 2016 and December 2017, was analyzed. Results: There were 584 stroke consultations in the period. 55.1% were men. The median time of arrival was 8 hours and 11 minutes. The median time for evaluation by neurologist was 66 minutes. Having an address in Temuco-Padre Las Casas and the severity of stroke was associated with early consultation with a combined OR of 5.97 (CI 95% 3.23-11.04). For an evaluation within one hour, in the logistic regression model, the variables severity, arrival in ambulance and consultation in less than 3 hours were statistically significant with a combined OR of 10.86 (CI 95% 5.15-22.94). Conclusions: The factors associated with early consultation and evaluation include residing in communes near the hospital and presenting more severe symptoms of stroke. It is suggested to implement strategies to increase the degree of recognition of stroke symptoms and to reduce barriers to access hospitals that treat patients with stroke.

Tiempos de atención de urgencias neurológicas en un hospital regional de alta complejidad / Waiting times for neurological emergencies in an emergency room

Background: Neurological emergencies constitute 10-15% of medical emergencies. Doctor Hernán Henríquez Aravena Hospital has in house neurologists present permanently at the Emergency Room since July 2013. Aim: To estimate the waiting times for neurological consultations; to compare the waiting times between neurovascular (UV) and non-vascular (UNV) emergencies; and to compare the waiting times of two prioritization (triage) models. Material and Methods: A convenience sample of the consultations made during shift # 1 at the emergency room between January and December 2016, was analyzed. Results: There were 859 consultations in the period, 570 for UNV and 289 for UV. Mean age of consultants was 57 years and 52% were women. The median time for having an evaluation by a neurologist was 106 min (132 and 81 min for UNV and UV respectively). Twenty seven percent of patients were evaluated in less than one hour (23 and 36% of UNV and UV, respectively). The change of the prioritization model decreased the waiting time by 81 and 32 min for UNV and UV, respectively. Conclusions: There were significant differences in waiting times between neurovascular and non-vascular emergencies. Most patients were not evaluated in less than 60 minutes. The change in the initial stratification model was associated with a significant reduction in the waiting times for neurological emergencies.

Role of adenylyl cyclase in reduced ß-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation during maturation

Beta-adrenergic receptor (βAR)-dependent blood vessel relaxation is impaired in older animals and G protein activation has been suggested as the causative mechanism. Here, we investigated the role of βAR subtypes (β1AR, β2AR, and β3AR) and cAMP in maturation-dependent vasorelaxation impairment. Aortic rings from 15 Sprague-Dawley male rats (3 or 9 weeks old) were harvested and left intact or denuded of the endothelium. Vascular relaxation in aortic rings from younger and older groups was compared in the presence of βAR subtype agonists and antagonists along with cAMP and cGMP antagonists. Isolated aortic rings were used to evaluate relaxation responses, protein expression was evaluated by western blot or real time PCR, and metabolites were measured by ELISA. Expression of βAR subtypes and adenylyl cyclase was assessed, and cAMP activity was measured in vascular tissue from both groups. Isoproterenol- and BRL744-dependent relaxation in aortic rings with and without endothelium from 9-week-old rats was impaired compared with younger rats. The β1AR antagonist CGP20712A (10-7 M) did not affect isoproterenol or BRL744-dependent relaxation in arteries from either group. The β2AR antagonist ICI-118,551 (10-7 M) inhibited isoproterenol-dependent aortic relaxation in both groups. The β3AR antagonist SR59230A (10-7 M) inhibited isoproterenol- and BRL744-dependent aortic ring relaxation in younger but not in older rats. All βAR subtypes were expressed in both groups, although β3AR expression was lower in the older group. Adenylyl cyclase (SQ 22536) or protein kinase A (H89) inhibitors prevented isoproterenol-induced relaxation in younger but not in older rats. Production of cAMP was reduced in the older group. Adenylyl cyclase III and RyR3 protein expression was higher in the younger group. In conclusion, altered expression of β3AR and adenylyl cyclase III may be responsible for reduced cAMP production in the older group.

Pharmacological study of the mechanisms involved in the vasodilator effect produced by the acute application of triiodothyronine to rat aortic rings

A relationship between thyroid hormones and the cardiovascular system has been well established in the literature. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the vasodilator effect produced by the acute application of 10-8–10-4 M triiodothyronine (T3) to isolated rat aortic rings. Thoracic aortic rings from 80 adult male Wistar rats were isolated and mounted in tissue chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer in order to analyze the influence of endothelial tissue, inhibitors and blockers on the vascular effect produced by T3. T3 induced a vasorelaxant response in phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings at higher concentrations (10-4.5–10-4.0 M). This outcome was unaffected by 3.1×10-7 M glibenclamide, 10-3 M 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), 10-5 M indomethacin, or 10-5 M cycloheximide. Contrarily, vasorelaxant responses to T3 were significantly (P<0.05) attenuated by endothelium removal or the application of 10-6 M atropine, 10-5 M L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 10-7 M 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), 10-6 M (9S,10R,12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-Hexahydro-10-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-oxo-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3′,2′,1′-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i](1,6)benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid, methyl ester KT 5823, 10-2 M tetraethylammonium (TEA), or 10-7 M apamin plus 10-7 M charybdotoxin. The results suggest the involvement of endothelial mechanisms in the vasodilator effect produced by the acute in vitro application of T3 to rat aortic rings. Possible mechanisms include the stimulation of muscarinic receptors, activation of the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway, and opening of Ca2+-activated K+ channels.

Mechanisms involved in the vasorelaxant effects produced by the acute application of amfepramone in vitro to rat aortic rings

Amfepramone (diethylpropion) is an appetite-suppressant drug used for the treatment of overweight and obesity. It has been suggested that the systemic and central activity of amfepramone produces cardiovascular effects such as transient ischemic attacks and primary pulmonary hypertension. However, it is not known whether amfepramone produces immediate vascular effects when applied in vitro to rat aortic rings and, if so, what mechanisms may be involved. We analyzed the effect of amfepramone on phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings with or without endothelium and the influence of inhibitors or blockers on this effect. Amfepramone produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings that was not affected by the vehicle, atropine, 4-AP, glibenclamide, indomethacin, clotrimazole, or cycloheximide. The vasorelaxant effect of amfepramone was significantly attenuated by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and tetraethylammonium (TEA), and was blocked by removal of the vascular endothelium. These results suggest that amfepramone had a direct vasorelaxant effect on phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings, and that inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the opening of Ca2+-activated K+ channels were involved in this effect.

Indicación quirúrgica tardía en trauma renal: experiencia de 15 años del Hospital San Juan De Dios / Delayed surgical indication for renal trauma: 15 years of experience in the Hospital San Juan De Dios

Introducción: El trauma renal está involucrado en 10 por ciento de los traumatizados, el estudio de imágenes nos ha permitido manejar más conservadoramente a estos pacientes, sin embargo los parámetros clínicos siguen siendo una valiosa herramienta de vigilancia que nos permitirá tomar una conducta quirúrgica oportuna. Objetivo: Análisis de la indicación quirúrgica tardía en pacientes con trauma renal en los últimos 15años en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital San Juan de Dios. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados en Servicio de Urología entre los años 1994 y 2008, se obtienen 70 fichas clínicas, se registra edad, sexo, mecanismo de lesión, estudio de imágenes y tratamiento. La edad promedio fue de 31 años, sexo masculino (85 por ciento), el mecanismo de lesión fue: agresión de terceros en 39 por ciento, caída de altura (22 por ciento), accidente de tránsito (20 por ciento), deportes 10 por ciento y otros 9 por ciento; traumatismo cerrado en 52 pacientes y penetrante en 18 casos ;Grado I: 40 por ciento; GII: 17 por ciento; GIII: 17 por ciento; GIV: 23 por ciento, GV: 3 por ciento. Se define como tardía a la exploración quirúrgica después de una semana ocurrido el accidente. Resultados: Catorce pacientes (20 por ciento) se intervinieron quirúrgicamente en forma tardía; se operaron8 de los 52 pacientes con trauma renal cerrado (15 por ciento), en 6 de ellos se realizó nefrectomía por riñones patológicos, 2 pacientes presentaron a la semana post accidente una caída del hematocrito asociado a hematuria severa, se realizó en uno de ellos drenaje más nefrorrafia y en otro nefrectomía simple. De los pacientes con trauma penetrante se operaron 4 pacientes (22 por ciento), en dos pacientes por un descenso del hematocrito en menos de 48 horas; un tercer paciente se exploró porque se detecta un crecimiento de la masa palpable al examen físico y un 4º paciente cuya indicación

Introduction: Renal trauma is involved in 10 percent of trauma cases, image studies have allowed us to handle these patients with more conservative criteria, and nevertheless clinical parameters continue being a valuable monitoring tool that allows us to take an opportune surgical conduct. Objective: Analysis of delayed surgical indication in patients with renal trauma in the last 15 years in the Service of Urology of the Hospital San Juan de Dios. Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients hospitalized in the Urology unit, between years 1994 and 2008. 70 clinical charts are obtained, and age, sex, mechanism of injury, image studies and treatment are registered. The age average was of 31 years, masculine sex (85 percent), the injury mechanism was: third party aggression in 39 percent, fallen of height (22 percent), traffic accident (20 percent), sports 10 percent and other 9 percent. Trauma was closed in 52 patients and penetrating in 18 cases. Grade I: 40 percent; GII: 17 percent; GIII: 17 percent; GIV: 23 percent, GV: 3 percent. Delayed surgical exploration is defined as the one performed after one week of the accident. Results: Fourteen patients (20 percent) had delayed surgery; 8 of the 52 patients with closed renal trauma were operated (15 percent), in 6 of them a nephrectomy was performed due to pathological kidneys, 2patients presented to the week post In 2 patients a hematocrit fall and severe hematuria was seen a week after the accident, in one of them a drainage and nephrorrafy was performed and in the other a simple nephrectomy.Of the patients with penetrating trauma 4 patients were operated (22 percent). In two patients because a fall of the hematocrit in less than 48 hours, a third patient was explored because of a growing mass detected at physical examination, and a 4th patient whose surgical indication was determined by clinical parameters of infection, in him an infected urinoma was drained...

Carcinoma de células renales: correlación anátomo-radiológica según clasificación tumoral "T" en la experiencia clínica de 10 meses de seguimiento / Renal cell carcinoma: anatomo-radiologic correlation according to \"T\" tumor classification during a 10 month follow up period

Objetivo: Correlacionar las características tomográficas de los tumores renales, con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, para determinar si es posible su diferenciación por imágenes en el diagnóstico y clasificación T (TNM).Material y Método: Se realizó un seguimiento por 10 meses entre octubre de 2008 y julio de 2009 de todos los tumores renales estudiados y tratados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios. La cohorte recopiló 34 casos de tumores renales sólidos con informe radiológico por TC, de los cuales 30 se sometieron a cirugía, con su posterior análisis anatomopatológico y grado nuclear de Fuhrman. Hombres 23, mujeres 11, con un promedio de edad de 55 años (32-84 años). Se evalúa por TC, patrón de realce, homogeneidad, calcificaciones y compromiso vascular. Se correlacionó el tamaño T imagenológico por TNM, con el pT por histopatología, así como también la presencia o no de síntomas y la modalidad quirúrgica elegida (radical o parcial, laparoscópica o abierta). Resultados: Un promedio de tamaño tumoral de 6,6 cm (1,5-12 cm), 30 fueron catalogados al TC como carcinoma de células renales (CCR), de los cuales 24 fueron confirmados por histopatología, siendo las características tomográficas más predictivas, el comportamiento hipervascular (23) y la heterogenicidad (22). En pocos casos de los CCR, se presentó necrosis (5) y calcificaciones (1). El resto de los tumores (6) correspondieron a pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa, angiomiolipoma, mielolipoma suprarrenal, oncocitoma (2) y quiste hidatídico, de los cuales 5 impresionaron como CCR. El acierto entre la impresión diagnóstica por TC y la por istopatología, fue de 83 por ciento. La correlación en la clasificación T (TNM) fue con acierto total de 75 por ciento. La certeza en el diagnóstico en etapas m órgano confinadas (T1 y T1-2) fue significativa (p= 0,01 y p= 0,02) al confirmarse a la histología. Existe una tendencia de los tumores incidentales a presentarse en etapas más precoces. Conclusión: Casi el...

Objective: To correlate tomographic characteristics of renal tumors with pathologic findings in order to determine if the diagnosis and TNM classification can be performed by imaging. Material and Method: Between October 2008 and July 2009, all renal tumors diagnosed and treated at Hospital San Juan de Dios were followed. The cohort was composed of 34 solid renal tumors. All cases had a CT scan report. Out of the total, 30 patients underwent surgery with a subsequent pathology report that included Fuhrman’s nuclear grade. There were 23 males and 11 females with an average age of 55 years (32-84). CT scan analysis included enhancement pattern, homogeneity, calcifications and vascular involvement. We correlated the T size by images with pT by histology. Also, the presence of symptoms and the surgical technique were recorded. Results: Average tumor size was 6.6 cm (1.5-12); 30 cases were classified by CT scan as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Of them, 24 cases were confirmed by histology. The CT scan findings that better predicted histology were hipervascularity (23) and heterogeneity (22). Few RCC showed necrosis (5)and calcifications (1). The rest of the cases (6) corresponded to xantogranulomatous pielonefritis, angiomiolipoma, mielolipoma, oncocytoma and hidatidic cyst. Of them, 5 were diagnosed as RCC by images. The agreement between CT scan diagnosis and histopathology was 83 percent. The correlation with the TNM classification was 75 percent overall. Accuracy in the diagnosis of T1 and T2 cases was significant (p =0.01 and p =0.02). There is a trend for incidental tumors to present at earlier stages. Conclusion: Almost 50 percent of RCC cases were incidental findings. Imaging characteristics and enhancement pattern by CT scan are helpful in the diagnosis of RCC and in the T classification. This method has an adequate correlation with postoperative histopathology especially at early stages (T1 and T2). Better diagnostic elements are required...

Compromiso de la grasa periganglionar como factor de riesgo en linfadenectomía inguinal modificada en cáncer de pene / Involvement of the perinodal fat as a risk factor in modified inguinal lymphnode dissection for penile cancer

Introducción: La linfadenectomía en cáncer de pene cumple un importantísimo rol en la etapificación y tratamiento. Históricamente ha sido subutilizada por la morbilidad asociada al procedimiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Análisis de la linfadenectomía inguinal modificada, su rol etapificador y el compromiso de la grasa periganglionar como factor de mal pronóstico. Material y método: Revisión retrospectiva de 40 linfadenectomías inguinales modificadas, realizadas en 20 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de pene, entre los años 1995 y 2009. La edad promedio de los pacientes estudiados fue de 63,8 años, con un tiempo de evolución promedio de la lesión de 8,2 meses. La histología en la totalidad de los casos fue carcinoma escamoso, realizándose como primera aproximación quirúrgica 8penectomías parciales y 12 totales. Técnica quirúrgica utilizada: Linfadenectomía inguinal modificada. Resultados: Se realizaron 22 linfadenectomías profilácticas, obteniéndose ganglios inguinales superficiales (+) en 4 oportunidades y ganglios profundos (+) en 1 de ellas. Se realizaron 18 linfadenectomías terapéuticas, obteniéndose ganglios inguinales superficiales (+) en 12 procedimientos y ganglios profundos (+) en 4 de ellos. La sobrevida general a 5 años, fue de 15 por ciento y la específica de 10 por ciento.Los factores de mal pronóstico fueron la indiferenciación lesional, el compromiso de ganglios inguinales profundos y el compromiso de la grasa periganglionar. Discusión: No existiendo actualmente exámenes con adecuada sensibilidad y especificidad para detectar el compromiso ganglionar inguinal en el cáncer de pene, se plantea como rol primario de la Linfadenectomía, la etapificación; sin embargo, su rol terapéutico es el más importante, pudiendo ser curativo especialmente en pacientes con micrometástasis. Detectados factores de mal pronóstico, como el compromiso de la grasa periganglionar, se podría mejorar la sobrevida de la enfermedad en pacientes seleccionados con terapias...

Introduction: Lymphnode dissection (LND) in penile cancer (PC) plays an important role both in staging andtreatment. Historically, LND has been underused due to the morbidity associated to the surgical procedure. Objective: To study modified inguinal LND for staging and to evaluate involvement of the perinodal fat as a factor for poor prognosis. Material and method: A retrospective review of 40 modified inguinal LND performed in 20 patients with a diagnosis of PC between 1995 and 2009 was done. Mean age was 63.8 years. The lesion had been present an average of 8.2 month prior to the diagnosis. In all cases, the biopsy showed squamus cell carcinoma. Surgical procedure was partial penectomy in 8 patients and total penectomy in 12 cases. All patients underwent modified inguinal LND. Results: Twenty two prophylactic LND were performed. In 4 cases, (+) superficial lymphnodes were obtained and in 1 case, (+) deep lymphnodes were found. Eighteen therapeutic LND were done. In 12 LND, (+) superficial nodes were found and in 4 cases, deep (+) lymphnodes were found. Overall survival at 5 years was 15 percent, whereas the specific survival was 10 percent. Poor prognostic factors were the following: high histologic grade, involvement of deep inguinal nodes and involvement of the perinodal fat. Discussion: Currently, there are no tests with enough sensitivity and specificity to detect lymphnode involvement in PC. Therefore, LND has an important role in staging; however, its therapeutic role is even more important; the procedure might be curative in patients with micrometastases. When poor prognostic factors such as involvement of the perinodal fat are found, survival could be improved using adjuvant therapies like radiation therapy or combined chemotherapy.

Observación y quimioterapia profiláctica en el manejo de tumores de células germinales no seminomatosos (estadio I): experiencia del Hospital San Juan de Dios / Observation and prophylactic chemotherapy in management of non seminomatose germinal cell tumours, stadium I: urology service of San Juan de Dios Hospital experience

No existe consenso respecto del manejo de los pacientes con tumor de células germinales no seminomatoso (TCGNS) en estadio I, pudiendo ofrecerles linfadenectomía lumboaórtica, quimioterapia u observación. Presentamos la experiencia del Servicio de Urología del Hospital San Juan de Dios en el manejo de los TCGNS en estadio I. Material y método: Se realizó estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes con tumores testiculares que acuden a control al policlínico de testículo, seleccionando a los pacientes con TCGNS en estadio I. Entre septiembre de 1990 y junio de 2004, se diagnosticaron 48 pacientes con una edad promedio, al momento del diagnóstico, de 28,4 años (15-71). Se analizaron las siguientes variables: lateralidad, tipo histológico, agrupándolos según variedad en pura o mixta, marcadores tumorales, factores de riesgo histológico, tratamiento, número y tipo de controles, periodo de seguimiento y recaída. Resultados: 28 (58,3 pr ciento) tumores fueron derechos; 11 (22,9 por ciento) pacientes presentaron TCGNS puro (6 carcinoma embrionario, 4 teratocarcinoma, 1 tumor de saco vitelino), de los 37 (77,1 por ciento) pacientes con TCGNS mixtos, 23 (47,9 por ciento) presentaban algún grado de carcinoma embrionario; 28 (58,3 por ciento) pacientes tuvieron marcadores tumorales positivos, todos los cuales se negativizaron tras la orquiectomía radical; 18 pacientes tuvieron factor de riesgo en sus biopsias (permeación vascular o linfática, invasión de rete testis o de cordón espermático o de albugínea). A los pacientes con factor de riesgo y a aquellos con un riesgo social de poca adhesión al seguimiento se les sometió a 2 ciclos de quimioterapia con PEB, completando un total de 28 pacientes (58,3 por ciento). A los pacientes se les controló un promedio de 10,4 veces (3-36) con un promedio de 5,1 radiografías de tórax (1-17), 4 ecografías (1-13) y 2,5 TAC (1-11). Presentaron recaída 2 pacientes (4,2 por ciento), ambo...

Trauma renal: revisión de la experiencia del Hospital San Juan de Dios / Renal trauma: review of the experience in the Hospital San Juan de Dios

Revisar la experiencia en trauma renal en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente. Se revisan todos los registros de alta con diagnóstico de trauma renal entre los años 1994 y 2000. Se estudian retrospectivamente todos los registros caracterizando pacientes por edad, sexo, tipo trauma, estudio imagenológico y necesidad de cirugía. Durante el período se hospitalizaron 20 pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma renal. Sus edades oscilan entre los 17 y 64 años (mediana 33), 17 (85 por ciento) corresponden a sexo masculino. 4 (20 por ciento) sufren trauma penetrante, todos ellos por arma blanca, 16 (80 por ciento) presentan trauma contuso, principalmente por accidente automovilístico y caída de altura (66 por ciento). Dieciséis pacientes fueron manejados conservadoramente. De los pacientes que fueron a cirugía, en 2 de ellos se realizó nefrectomía por trauma contuso en riñón patológico. Los otros 2 presentaban trauma penetrante y se realizó nefrorrafia. En 3 pacientes del estudio no se realizó TAC. De los 20 pacientes, 9 fueron GI, 8 GII, 1 GIII, 2 GIV. La experiencia de nuestro servicio reproduce lo publicado. El trauma renal es más frecuente en hombres 4:1, el trauma cerrado es responsable del 80 por ciento de los mecanismos, siendo su génesis los accidentes automovilísticos y caídas. Las lesiones penetrantes se asocian a traumas de mayor grado. El manejo conservador es una alternativa en pacientes con trauma renal penetrante bien etapificado.